How did cooperation evolve ? I have learned a lot from Scientific American. In January, 1983, Hofstadter presented these questions: 1. "Can cooperation emerge in a world of pure egoists ? How can cooperation get started at all ?" 2. "Can cooperative strategies survive better than their noncooperative rivals?" 3. "Which cooperative strategies will do best , and how will they come to dominate ?" He reported on a computer tournament that Axelrod, from the University of Michigan, organized and that showed how it could be done. There were 3 contests. For the first 2 contests people were invited to present computer programs that would meet all the other programs 200 times. These programs would respond to the others with a "C" (cooperation) or "D" (defection) The points were noted as such: a, If both programs gave a C then they would both get 3 points. b. ...
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